Elmina Castle is one of the most important historical sites in Africa and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Built by the Portuguese in 1482, it is the oldest European structure in sub-Saharan Africa. It began as a gold and ivory trading post, but from the 17th century onwards became a central holding facility for enslaved Africans before their transport across the Atlantic. An estimated 30,000 enslaved people passed through its dungeons each year at the trade's peak.
The guided tour is powerful and necessary. You walk through the dungeons where men and women were held in horrifying conditions, the auction courtyard, the governor's quarters directly above the chapel, and the Door of No Return — the arch through which enslaved people were loaded onto ships. The guides are knowledgeable and do not soften the history. Allow at least 90 minutes. The castle also contains a small museum with historical artefacts and documentation. Entrance fee applies; guided tours are included.