Panhala Fort

One of the most significant forts in Maharashtra, built in the 12th century and later the headquarters of Adil Shah of Bijapur before becoming a key stronghold of Shivaji and the Maratha Empire. The fort sits on a plateau at 900 metres elevation, 21 km from Kolhapur, with views across the Deccan plateau and the Western Ghats.

The ramparts are largely intact and the three main gateways — Teen Darwaza, Char Darwaza, and Wagh Darwaza — survive in good condition. Inside the fort is a large grain storage facility (Dhanya Kotha and Ambarkhana), said to be capable of supplying a garrison for years. The approach road winds through pleasant countryside and the site is not yet heavily touristed, which makes exploring it relatively peaceful.

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A story
In 1660, Shivaji was besieged at Panhala by Adil Shah II's general Siddi Jauhar with an army of 40,000. He was surrounded for three months before staging a daring escape at night, sending a decoy (his barber Shiva Kashid, who resembled him) to draw the pursuing cavalry while Shivaji rode hard for Vishalgad 60 km away. Shiva Kashid was captured and killed; Shivaji escaped.