The Palmyra Museum was a small but extraordinarily rich collection of artefacts from the site — funerary reliefs, statues, jewellery, textiles, and inscriptions in Palmyrene Aramaic, Greek, and Latin. It told the story of one of the ancient world's most cosmopolitan trading societies, through the faces carved on burial stones and the objects people took to their graves.
ISIS looted and vandalized the museum in 2015, smashing some larger pieces and stealing others that have since appeared on the international antiquities market. Some objects had been evacuated before the seizure. The fate of the collection as a whole is unclear. The museum building itself was damaged but not destroyed.