Most international visitors fly into Cairo International Airport (CAI), which has direct connections from major cities across Europe, the Middle East, Africa, and North America. EgyptAir is the national carrier and a Star Alliance member. Budget airlines from Europe -- particularly from the UK, Germany, and Italy -- often fly direct to Hurghada and Sharm el Sheikh for the Red Sea resorts.
Flight times are roughly 4.5 hours from London, 5 hours from Frankfurt, 11 hours from New York, and 5 hours from Dubai. Cairo airport is about 20 km northeast of the city center. The journey into town takes 30 minutes to an hour depending on traffic. Uber works in Cairo and is the easiest option; airport taxis are also available but agree on a price before getting in.
Luxor (LXR) and Aswan (ASW) have smaller airports with some international charter flights, particularly from Europe in winter. Alexandria (Borg El Arab, HBE) handles a limited number of international flights.
Overland, there are bus connections from Israel via the Taba border crossing into the Sinai, and from Eilat. The crossing is straightforward but can be slow. There is also a border with Libya at Sallum, and a ferry across Lake Nasser connecting Aswan with Wadi Halfa in Sudan -- a classic route for overlanders heading south into Africa. The ferry runs once a week and should be booked in advance.
By sea, cruise ships call at Alexandria and Port Said. There is no longer regular passenger ferry service from Europe.