Gabon has a small population of around 2.3 million, spread across a country the size of Colorado. Most people live in Libreville and a handful of other towns, leaving vast stretches of forest virtually uninhabited. It is one of the most urbanized countries in Africa, with over 80% of the population living in cities.
The Gabonese are ethnically diverse, with around 40 Bantu-speaking groups. The Fang are the largest group, dominant in the north and in Libreville, and politically influential. The Myene live along the coast and were historically the first to interact with European traders. The Punu and Nzebi are prominent in the south, and the Teke in the southeast. Despite this diversity, ethnic tensions are relatively muted compared to neighboring countries, partly because no single group is large enough to dominate completely.
A significant expatriate community lives in Libreville, particularly French, Lebanese, and West African workers drawn by the oil economy.
Bwiti is the most distinctive element of Gabonese spiritual life. This centuries-old tradition, rooted in ancestor worship and the use of iboga (a powerful psychoactive plant), is practiced across ethnic lines and coexists with Christianity. Bwiti ceremonies, involving all-night rituals with drumming, dancing, and iboga consumption, are a profound part of Gabonese identity. Some operators offer iboga experiences to foreigners, but approach these with respect -- this is a sacred tradition, not a recreational drug trip.
Christianity is the majority religion, with Catholicism especially widespread. Islam is a small minority, mainly among immigrants. In practice, most Gabonese blend Christian and traditional beliefs without seeing any contradiction.
French is the lingua franca and the language of education, government, and business. Gabonese French has its own rhythm and slang, and conversations among friends will often mix French with local languages. The Gabonese are generally warm and welcoming to visitors, though reserved at first. Hospitality is important, and sharing food is a cornerstone of social interaction.