Currency
The currency is the Mauritanian Ouguiya (MRU). In 2018, Mauritania redenominated its currency: the new Ouguiya equals 10 old Ouguiyas. Make sure you are dealing in the correct denomination. Cash is king — credit cards are rarely accepted outside the larger hotels in Nouakchott. Bring euros or US dollars and change them at banks or official bureaux de change. ATMs exist in Nouakchott and Nouadhibou but are not reliable outside these cities.
Language
Hassaniya Arabic is the dominant language of the Moors. French is widely used in government, business, and education, and is the most useful foreign language for travellers. In the south, Pulaar, Soninke, and Wolof are spoken. English is rarely useful outside Nouakchott.
Religion
Mauritania is an Islamic republic. Dress modestly, particularly outside Nouakchott. Alcohol is banned. During Ramadan, eating, drinking, and smoking in public during daylight hours is not acceptable and some restaurants will be closed during the day.
Safety
Parts of Mauritania — particularly near the Mali and Algeria borders — are considered high risk due to armed groups active in the Sahel. Check your government's current travel advisory before visiting. The Adrar region and the Atlantic coast are generally considered safer and have received tourists without major incidents in recent years. Travel in convoy where possible in remote areas and register with your embassy.
Health
Yellow fever vaccination is required for entry. Malaria is present in the south; take appropriate prophylaxis and precautions. Medical facilities outside Nouakchott are very limited. Travel insurance with medical evacuation cover is essential.
Communications
Mobile coverage exists in major towns and along main roads. Outside these areas, expect no signal. Bring a local SIM (available at the airport and in Nouakchott) for the best coverage. Internet cafes have largely been replaced by mobile data.
Photography
Ask permission before photographing people, particularly women. Government buildings, military installations, and the presidential palace are off limits. Be discreet near the mining operations and border areas.