Visas
Most nationalities require a visa to enter Niger. Visas can be obtained at Niger embassies abroad, and visa-on-arrival has been available at Niamey airport for some nationalities — but this changes without notice, so confirm with the nearest embassy before you travel. Citizens of ECOWAS member states can enter visa-free. A yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for all travelers.
Note: As of 2025, Niger has banned entry to U.S. citizens. Check the current status for your nationality before booking anything.
Money
Niger uses the West African CFA franc (XOF), fixed to the euro at 655.957 CFA to €1. This makes budgeting simple if you're coming from the euro zone.
Cash is essential — cards are accepted almost nowhere outside of upscale hotels in Niamey. ATMs exist in Niamey (Ecobank and UBA accept Visa and Mastercard near Kennedy Bridge) and in Zinder and Agadez, but they're frequently out of service. Carry enough cash whenever leaving the capital. Euros are the easiest foreign currency to exchange; US dollars also work in Niamey. Avoid exchanging at the airport.
Language
French is the official language and is widely spoken in towns and by anyone with a secondary education. Hausa is the most widely spoken local language across the south. Djerma (Zarma) is dominant in the western region around Niamey. Tuareg (Tamashek) is spoken in the north. A few words of French go a long way.
Health
Yellow fever vaccination is mandatory and you must carry the certificate. Malaria is present throughout Niger — take prophylaxis seriously, especially in the south during and after the rains (June-October). Heat illness is a real risk in the hot season (March-May) when temperatures can exceed 45°C. Drink plenty of water. Meningitis is endemic in the Sahel — check whether a vaccine is advised for your travel period.
Medical facilities are extremely limited outside Niamey. Bring a comprehensive first-aid kit and any prescription medications you need.
Safety
Niger has deteriorated sharply in terms of security since the 2023 coup. Terrorism, armed banditry, and kidnapping for ransom are active threats — particularly in the regions of Tillaberi, Tahoua, and Diffa. Even Niamey carries elevated risk. Travel in the interior or near any border should not be undertaken without local expert guidance.
Communications
Mobile coverage (Airtel, Moov) reaches most cities and towns. International roaming is expensive; a local SIM card is easy to buy. Internet is slow but available in Niamey. Outside the capital, data coverage is spotty.
Religion and Customs
Over 99% of Nigeriens are Muslim. Dress modestly, especially in the north. During Ramadan, eating, drinking, or smoking in public in the daytime is disrespectful. Ask before photographing people, especially women and at markets — many people object.