By Air
Aden Adde International Airport (MGQ) in Mogadishu is the main international gateway. It is managed by Turkish company Favori LLC and has a reasonably modern terminal. Direct flights operate from Istanbul (Turkish Airlines), Nairobi, Addis Ababa, Dubai, Doha, Cairo, Djibouti, and Kampala. Ethiopian Airlines and flydubai are among the more reliable options for connections.
The airport has been targeted by mortar attacks and has closed at short notice in the past. Build flexibility into any travel plan.
Bossaso Airport (BSA) in Puntland handles regional flights from Nairobi via African Express Airways and connections within the Horn of Africa region. Garowe and Galkayo also have functional airstrips used by UN agencies and NGOs.
Somali Airlines, grounded for three decades, was reviving in late 2025 with two Airbus A320s, but check current status before counting on it.
Visas
Somalia introduced an eVisa system in August 2025. Applications can be submitted at evisa.gov.so. Most nationalities require a visa; citizens of Rwanda and Malaysia can enter for 30 days without one. Ensure your passport is valid for at least six months beyond your date of entry.
Note that Somaliland operates its own separate entry system — a Somali visa does not grant entry to Somaliland.
By Land
Land crossings exist with Ethiopia and Kenya but are not recommended for independent travelers. Road security is poor to nonexistent on most border approaches, and the routes pass through territory with active al-Shabaab presence. The main crossing points with Ethiopia are at Tog Wajaale (for Somaliland/Hargeisa) and Dobley (for the south, dangerous). The Liboi crossing into Kenya near Kismayo is in an active conflict zone.