Malaria was declared eliminated by the World Health Organisation in July 2025 — Timor-Leste is now considered malaria-free. This is a significant change from earlier years when malaria prophylaxis was recommended. Confirm with your doctor or travel health clinic before departure, as recommendations may take time to update in standard advice.
Dengue fever is endemic and the main mosquito-borne risk. It peaks during the wet season (November to April) when standing water is plentiful. Use insect repellent (DEET-based), wear long sleeves and trousers especially at dawn and dusk, and sleep under a mosquito net if your accommodation doesn't have screens. There is no vaccine widely available; prevention is the main approach.
Water from the tap is not safe to drink. Bottled water is readily available in Dili and most towns. In remote areas, use a filter or purification tablets. Ice in restaurants may be made from unboiled water — in local warungs, it's worth asking.
Vaccinations: Routine vaccinations should be up to date. Hepatitis A and typhoid are recommended for travellers eating in local restaurants. Hepatitis B and rabies (the latter if spending time in rural areas) are worth considering. Discuss with a travel health clinic at least 4–6 weeks before departure.
Medical care is limited. Dili has the national hospital (HNGV) and a few clinics used by the expat and NGO community — the Bairo Pite Clinic is well-regarded. Outside the capital, facilities are minimal. For anything requiring surgery, advanced imaging, or intensive care, medical evacuation to Darwin (roughly 90 minutes by air) or Bali is standard. This is expensive: travel insurance with a clear evacuation clause is not optional.
Carry a medical kit with antihistamines, rehydration salts, diarrhoea medication, wound care supplies, and any prescription medications you require. Pharmacies in Dili stock basics; supply elsewhere is unreliable.
The sun is intense year-round. Use sunscreen, wear a hat, and stay hydrated — especially if hiking or diving.