Iran is a large country, and getting between cities requires some planning. The good news is that the transport network is reasonably comprehensive and cheap by international standards.
Buses are the backbone of intercity travel. VIP buses (also called "Volvo" buses, though they come in various makes) offer reclining seats, air conditioning, and onboard refreshments. They are comfortable for overnight journeys and genuinely cheap — a ticket from Tehran to Isfahan runs around $6–8, Tehran to Shiraz around $10–12. Regular buses are even cheaper. Book a day or two in advance on popular routes, especially around Nowruz in late March. The main bus terminals (terminal) in each city are typically on the outskirts — take a taxi to get there.
Trains are comfortable, scenic, and a good option for certain routes. Tehran connects by rail to Mashhad (a popular overnight sleeper), Isfahan, Yazd, Tabriz, Shiraz, and Kerman. Rail travel is slower than flying but lets you see the landscape and meet people. Book through the Raja Rail website or at stations — some routes sell out, especially overnight sleepers in high season.
Domestic flights are inexpensive and worth it for longer distances given Iran's size. Tehran to Mashhad or Tehran to Shiraz start around $30–50 one way. Carriers include Iran Air, Mahan Air, and Iran Aseman Airlines. Booking online from outside Iran can be tricky due to payment restrictions — your travel agency or a local booking agent can usually help. Arrive well in advance and reconfirm, as flights are sometimes delayed or rescheduled.
Taxis are everywhere in cities and essential for getting around. Shared taxis (savari) follow fixed routes and pick up multiple passengers — they are very cheap. Private taxis can be negotiated or, increasingly, hailed through ride-hailing apps. Snapp (Iran's equivalent of Uber) works in Tehran and major cities and is the most convenient option: fares are fixed, displayed in the app, and paid in cash. It removes the need to negotiate and has largely transformed urban transport.
Driving is possible but demanding. Iranian traffic is aggressive and road conditions vary. In cities like Tehran the driving can be genuinely chaotic. Intercity roads are generally decent but desert roads and mountain passes require care. An International Driving Permit is required alongside your home licence. Fuel is remarkably cheap due to subsidies.
Local transport in cities includes metro systems in Tehran (extensive and cheap), Isfahan, Mashhad, Shiraz, and Tabriz. Tehran's metro is the most useful for visitors, connecting the main bus terminal, the bazaar, and key neighborhoods.