Hateruma is reached by high-speed ferry from Ishigaki, the main hub of the Yaeyama Islands. The crossing takes about an hour on Anei Kanko's service, though seas in the Yaeyama can be rough and the crossing is sometimes cancelled. Check conditions before booking onward travel from the island.
Hateruma Airport exists but handles very limited charter and emergency flights only — for practical purposes, the ferry is the only way in and out. Day trips from Ishigaki are possible but rushed; staying at least one night is strongly recommended to experience the island properly, particularly for stargazing.