Arabia Without Sultans by Fred Halliday (1974) — An early political analysis of the Arabian Peninsula that gives context to the sectarian dynamics and the position of the Shia communities of the Eastern Province. Dated in some ways but still a useful framework for understanding Qatif's history of resistance and repression.
The Kingdom by Robert Lacey (1981) — A comprehensive account of Saudi Arabia's history and society that covers the Eastern Province and the oil industry in depth. Essential background for any visitor trying to understand how a place like Qatif fits into the broader Saudi story.
Inside the Kingdom by Robert Lacey (2009) — The updated sequel, bringing the story forward through the tensions of the 2000s. Covers the Shia question and the Eastern Province with more nuance than most Western accounts.