Visas
Most nationalities need a visa. The standard tourist visa (Electronic Travel Authorization, or ETA) costs USD 50 per person and should be arranged online before arrival at eta.immigration.gov.lk. It allows a 30-day stay, extendable once at the Department of Immigration in Colombo. The ETA system has had technical problems at various points — if it is down, you can often get a visa on arrival at the airport, but allow extra time.
Children under 12 from many countries receive a free visa.
Money
The currency is the Sri Lanka Rupee (LKR). At the time of writing, around LKR 300 equals USD 1. ATMs are widely available in Colombo, Kandy, Galle, and other tourist towns; less so in rural areas. Use ATMs at Commercial Bank, Sampath Bank, or Seylan Bank — these reliably accept international Visa and Mastercard. Keep a supply of cash for tuk-tuks, guesthouses, and small restaurants.
Credit card fraud is a known problem. Keep your card in sight during transactions and check ATM slots for skimming devices.
Tipping is appreciated but not obligatory. At restaurants, 10% is reasonable if service was good. Tuk-tuk drivers do not expect tips but won't refuse them.
Language
Sinhala is the official language and is spoken by the Sinhalese majority. Tamil is co-official and is the first language of the Tamil and Muslim communities. English is widely spoken in tourist areas, by drivers, and in guesthouses — you will rarely be stuck. Road signs are generally in all three scripts.
Safety
Sri Lanka is a broadly safe country for travelers. Street crime against tourists is uncommon, though petty theft on crowded buses and beaches happens. Common scams include tuk-tuk drivers "steering" you toward gem shops (Sri Lanka has a well-developed gem trade and some drivers earn commission from shops), and commission arrangements between drivers and guesthouses. Be politely firm if you want to go where you asked.
The main travel concern is road safety — accidents are frequent due to overtaking on narrow roads and aggressive driving. The north and east, formerly conflict zones, are now open and generally safe, but some areas near the former front lines still have landmine risk off established roads; stick to known paths and do not wander into scrubland.
Be aware of flooding and landslides during monsoon season, particularly in the mountains.
Electricity
230V/50Hz. The most common plug type is the British 3-pin. Adaptors are widely available.
Tourist information
The Sri Lanka Tourism office in Colombo (80 Galle Road, Colombo 3) can provide maps and brochures. The website srilanka.travel has basic practical information.