Özkonak Underground City

The Özkonak Underground City, about ten kilometres north of Avanos, is the least-visited of Cappadocia's major underground complexes. That alone makes it worth choosing over the better-known sites at Derinkuyu or Kaymakli — the tunnels feel less like a theme park and more like what they actually were: a refuge for thousands of people hiding from raids.

The complex descends four levels and includes stables, storage rooms, a winery with large carved vats, living quarters, and ventilation shafts that also served as wells. The blocking doors — massive stone wheels rolled across tunnel entrances — are in position and largely intact. Bring a jacket; the temperature underground stays around 8°C year-round. It is about twenty minutes from Avanos by car or a pleasant bike ride along the valley.

things to do sight
A story
The city was discovered in 1972 by a farmer named Latif Acar, who noticed that water was disappearing into the ground near his vineyard. Investigating, he found tunnels leading to a multi-level underground complex capable of housing around 60,000 people. What sets Özkonak apart from the more famous underground cities is its communication system: narrow pipes bored between levels allowed defenders above to pour boiling water or oil onto attackers in the tunnels below without opening the massive stone blocking doors.