Ashgabat sits in the Karakum desert and has extreme continental temperatures. Spring (March–May) is the best season: mild temperatures, occasional wildflowers in the surrounding steppe, and the city's fountains and parks at their most pleasant. Autumn (September–October) is similarly agreeable.
Summer (June–August) is punishing — temperatures regularly exceed 40°C (104°F) in July and August, and the white marble reflects and intensifies the heat. Winter (December–February) is cold, with temperatures dropping to freezing and occasionally below. Snow is possible. The city functions year-round as a government capital, but most foreign visitors time their arrival for spring or autumn. There are no major international festivals or events that would drive particular timing, though Nowruz (Persian New Year, 21 March) is celebrated with some public festivities.