Cavaillon has a train station with regular services to Avignon (about 20 minutes), from which high-speed TGV connections reach Paris, Lyon, and Marseille. The nearest major airports are Marseille Provence (about 55km south) and Avignon Caumont (about 25km north), though Avignon has limited international services.
By car, Cavaillon is on the A7 motorway corridor and easily reached from Avignon, Aix-en-Provence, and Marseille. Driving makes the most sense if you want to explore the surrounding Luberon villages, which are poorly served by public transport.