Crypt of the Original Sin

About 15 kilometres outside Matera, this rock-cut crypt holds the best-preserved early medieval frescoes in Basilicata — a complete narrative cycle covering the book of Genesis, from the Creation to the expulsion from Paradise, painted in the 8th or 9th century by an artist of unusual skill. The colours — warm reds, ochres, pale blues — have survived remarkably well in the stable humidity of the cave.

Access is only by guided tour, departing from the modern visitor centre at the site. Tours run at fixed intervals and must be booked in advance; spaces are limited because visitor numbers in the cave are strictly controlled to protect the frescoes. The drive from Matera takes about 30 minutes; there is no public transport. Worthwhile for anyone with an interest in early Christian art or Byzantine fresco technique — this is a genuinely rare survival.

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A story
The crypt was used as a sheepfold for much of the 20th century. It was only in 1963 that a local historian noticed the frescoes and recognised their significance. Restoration began decades later; the site opened to the public in 2000. The painted figure of a woman in the Paradise scene has been compared by scholars to a Byzantine icon — the posture and palette suggest a painter trained in Constantinople or at one of its southern Italian satellite communities.