The main gateway is Pisa's Galileo Galilei Airport (PSA), which handles most international and low-cost flights into the region. Florence has its own smaller airport (FLR) with connections to major European hubs. From either airport, trains and buses reach Florence, Siena, Lucca, and other Tuscan cities in under two hours.
By rail, Tuscany sits on the main Milan–Rome axis. High-speed trains (Frecciarossa, Italo) stop at Florence Santa Maria Novella station in about 1.5 hours from Rome and 1.75 hours from Milan. From Florence you can connect to most other Tuscan cities by regional trains or bus.
Driving into Tuscany from the north or south is straightforward on the A1 autostrada (Milan–Naples). Having a car becomes essential once you want to reach smaller hilltop towns — public transport thins out considerably beyond the main train corridor.