The broader archaeological reserve at Orheiul Vechi encompasses the entire limestone peninsula and spans several thousand years of human occupation. The most visible medieval remains are the foundations of a Mongol-era bathhouse and caravanserai from the Golden Horde period (13th–14th centuries), when this was an administrative centre called Shehr al-Jadid (New City). These structures were uncovered through archaeological excavations in the twentieth century and are partially restored.
A small museum near the visitor centre displays artefacts from the various occupation periods — Dacian ceramics, Mongol-era metalwork, and medieval Christian objects. The explanatory panels are in Romanian and English. Combined with the cave monastery and the canyon views, the archaeological remains transform what might otherwise be just a scenic spot into one of the most layered and interesting sites in the entire country.