The Gorj County Museum occupies a building near the city centre and covers the archaeological and historical record of the Gorj region from the Palaeolithic through to the modern era. The Dacian period collections are the strongest part — this region was part of ancient Dacia before the Roman conquest of 106 AD, and significant finds from Dacian settlements in the surrounding hills have accumulated over many decades of excavation.
The natural history section covers the geology and flora of the Jiu Valley and the Carpathian foothills. For most visitors to Târgu Jiu the Brâncuși ensemble is the primary destination, but the museum gives useful context about the history and culture of Oltenia — the region that shaped the sculptor's early years.