Visas
Most visitors need a visa arranged before arrival. E-visas are available for citizens of around 60 countries, costing $55 and allowing stays of up to 30 days. For longer stays, you will need a tourist or business visa from a Russian consulate. Requirements change frequently -- check before you book.
Money
The currency is the Russian Ruble (RUB). Since 2022, international Visa and Mastercard cards issued outside Russia do not work in the country. Bring sufficient cash in US dollars or another major currency and exchange it at banks or exchange offices. Some Chinese UnionPay cards work. Plan to pay for as many services as possible -- hotels, trains, tours -- in advance online.
Language
Russian is the official language, written in the Cyrillic alphabet. English is spoken in tourist areas of Moscow and St. Petersburg but rarely elsewhere. Learning the Cyrillic alphabet before you go is extremely helpful -- it makes reading signs, metro maps, and menus much easier. A translation app on your phone is essential outside the main cities.
Safety
Russia is generally safe for tourists in terms of street crime, particularly in the main cities. Standard precautions apply: watch for pickpockets in crowded areas and on public transport. Avoid political demonstrations. Some regions, particularly parts of the North Caucasus, are considered unsafe for travel -- check your government's travel advisories.
Police can ask to see your passport and visa at any time. Always carry your passport with valid visa, and keep a photocopy separately. If you are staying more than seven business days, you must register your stay -- hotels do this automatically.
Phones and Internet
Russian SIM cards are cheap and easy to buy with your passport at any mobile shop. Major carriers include MTS, Beeline, and MegaFon. Wi-Fi is widely available in cities. Note that some Western social media platforms and websites may be blocked or restricted.
Electricity
Russia uses 220V with European-style two-pin plugs (Type C and Type F).