Housed within the Kremlin complex in the Palace of Archbishop Oleg, this is the main regional history museum for Ryazan Oblast. The collection covers pre-Mongol Ryazanian culture, artefacts from the original Old Ryazan settlement destroyed in 1237, medieval crafts and weaponry, and the city's development through the imperial and Soviet eras.
The exhibit on Old Ryazan is particularly interesting — archaeologists have excavated the original site downstream and recovered jewellery, weaponry, and everyday objects from the city obliterated by Batu Khan in 1237. The museum also holds a good natural history section and regular exhibitions on local ethnography and folk art.