Currency
Panama uses the US dollar as its paper currency. The official name is the Panamanian Balboa (PAB), but it trades 1:1 with the dollar, and dollar bills are what you'll actually use. Panama does mint its own coins (Balboas), which circulate alongside US coins and are interchangeable. You won't need to exchange money if you're coming from the US.
ATMs are widely available in Panama City and larger towns. Credit cards are accepted in most restaurants, hotels and shops in the cities. In rural areas and the islands (including San Blas), cash is essential.
Visas
Most Western nationalities, including citizens of the US, EU, UK, Canada and Australia, can enter Panama for up to 180 days without a visa. You'll need a passport valid for at least six months, and technically need to show proof of onward travel, though this is rarely checked.
Language
Spanish is the official language. Outside tourist areas, English is not widely spoken, so a basic command of Spanish will serve you well. The Spanish here is Caribbean-accented and spoken fast, with a lot of dropped consonants.
Health
No vaccinations are required for entry, but hepatitis A and typhoid are recommended. Malaria prophylaxis is advised if visiting Darién or the San Blas islands. Tap water is safe to drink in Panama City; elsewhere, stick to bottled water.
Safety
Panama is one of the safer countries in Central America, but petty theft is common in urban areas. Colón has a poor reputation and is best avoided or visited only for the free-trade zone with a guide. The Darién jungle bordering Colombia is off-limits for independent travellers due to armed groups operating in the area.
Electricity
120V/60Hz, US-style two- and three-pin plugs. No adapter needed if you're from North America.
Time Zone
UTC−5 (no daylight saving time).
Telephone
Country code: +507. Mobile coverage is good in cities and towns; it drops off in the highlands and is absent in most of Darién and the San Blas islands.