The Church of Our Lady of the Rosary and Saint Benedict is one of the oldest and most historically significant buildings in Cuiabá. Dating from the mid-18th century, it was constructed by members of the Irmandade de Nossa Senhora do Rosário — the Black Catholic brotherhood — using largely enslaved labour but for the community's own spiritual use. The result is a modest but finely proportioned colonial church in whitewashed baroque style.
The interior retains some of its original decoration and has been carefully maintained. The church stands in a residential area a short walk from the central Praça da República, and its modest scale makes a telling contrast with the grandeur of the cathedral nearby. It is worth visiting as part of any walk through the old centre.