The Church of Our Lady of the Rosary (Igreja de Nossa Senhora do Rosário) stands in the Prainha Historic Site and is one of the oldest Catholic churches in Espírito Santo. The current building dates from the 18th century and replaced an earlier colonial structure. Its whitewashed facade and simple baroque detailing are typical of colonial church architecture along Brazil's southeast coast.
The church was built in large part by enslaved Africans and free Afro-Brazilian communities, who established their own brotherhoods (irmandades) under its patronage. This history gives the building a significance beyond its modest architectural appeal: it stands as a memorial to the role of Black Brazilians in building the colonial city.