Malaria
Malaria is present throughout Liberia year-round at all altitudes. Anti-malarial prophylaxis is strongly recommended for all travelers, including short stays. Common options are atovaquone/proguanil (Malarone), doxycycline, or mefloquine — consult a travel health clinic before you go. Use insect repellent, cover up after dusk, and sleep under a treated mosquito net.
Yellow Fever
A yellow fever vaccination certificate is legally required for entry to Liberia. Get vaccinated at least ten days before arrival. The vaccine provides long-term (likely lifetime) protection.
Other Vaccinations
Routine vaccinations should be up to date. Hepatitis A and B, typhoid, and meningococcal vaccinations are generally recommended. Rabies vaccination is worth considering if you plan to spend extended time in rural areas or work with animals.
Water and Food
Do not drink tap water. Stick to bottled water or water you have boiled or purified yourself. Be cautious with street food and anything washed in untreated water. Stick to cooked food that is served hot and fruit you can peel yourself.
Medical Facilities
Medical facilities in Liberia are very limited. Hospitals in Monrovia are poorly equipped and understaffed, and emergency care comparable to Western standards does not exist. The blood supply is unreliable. For anything serious, medical evacuation to Europe or South Africa is the only real option. Comprehensive travel insurance that includes emergency medical evacuation is essential.
Carry a basic medical kit including any prescription medications you need, as many drugs are unavailable or unreliable quality locally.