Visas
Most nationalities require a visa to enter Nigeria. Apply in advance through the Nigerian Immigration Service e-visa portal (portal.immigration.gov.ng) or through a Nigerian embassy. ECOWAS citizens from West African countries can enter without a visa. Visa-on-arrival is theoretically available but unreliable — don't count on it.
Currency
The currency is the Nigerian Naira (NGN). Nigeria is largely a cash economy. US dollars, British pounds, and euros can be exchanged at banks and licensed Bureau de Change offices. ATMs exist in cities but are often out of cash or out of service; carry backup cash. Credit and debit cards are accepted at major hotels and larger restaurants in Lagos and Abuja, but not widely elsewhere. The parallel exchange rate often differs significantly from the official bank rate — exchange through a bank or reputable BDC.
Health
Yellow fever vaccination is mandatory and you must carry the original certificate. It is checked on arrival.
Malaria is present throughout Nigeria and is the main health risk for visitors. Take prophylaxis (start before you arrive), use insect repellent, and sleep under a net. Seek medical advice before travel.
Other vaccinations recommended by most travel health clinics: typhoid, hepatitis A and B, meningitis (particularly for travel to the north), and rabies for longer stays or travel in rural areas.
Medical facilities in Nigeria range from adequate private hospitals in Lagos and Abuja to very basic elsewhere. Carry comprehensive travel insurance that covers medical evacuation.
Safety
Nigeria's security situation varies significantly by region. Lagos and Abuja are manageable destinations with normal urban precautions. The northeast — including Borno, Yobe, and Adamawa states — remains dangerous due to Boko Haram and related insurgencies; avoid this region entirely. The northwest and parts of the middle belt have seen increased armed banditry and kidnapping. The Niger Delta and oil-producing states have localised security issues.
Standard city precautions apply everywhere: don't display expensive electronics, be careful at night, use ride-hailing apps rather than unknown taxis, and trust your instincts. Petty crime around airports and bus stations is common.
Communications
Mobile phone coverage is good in cities and most main roads. The major networks are MTN, Airtel, Glo, and 9mobile. Buy a local SIM on arrival — it's cheap and easy with a valid passport. Mobile data is available and reasonably fast in cities.
Electricity
230V, 50Hz. Sockets are the British-standard three-pin type. Power cuts are common everywhere; most hotels and guesthouses have generators.
Time
Nigeria is on West Africa Time (WAT), which is UTC+1 year-round.