Bahrain Fort (Qal'at al-Bahrain). A UNESCO World Heritage Site on the northern coast, this ancient fort sits on a tell that contains layers of occupation going back to the Dilmun civilization around 2300 BC. The fort itself is Portuguese-era, but the archaeological site beneath it tells a story spanning four thousand years. The on-site museum is excellent. Visit at sunset for stunning views across the sea.
Bahrain National Museum. The best museum in the country, covering everything from ancient Dilmun burial mounds to pearl diving traditions to modern Bahraini art. Well-curated and air-conditioned -- a good refuge from the heat.
Al-Fateh Grand Mosque. One of the largest mosques in the world, capable of holding 7,000 worshippers. Non-Muslim visitors are welcome outside prayer times and free guided tours are available. The dome is made of fiberglass and weighs over 60 tonnes.
The Tree of Life. A solitary 400-year-old mesquite tree standing alone in the southern desert, kilometers from any obvious water source. Nobody is quite sure how it survives. It is a popular excursion, though some visitors find it underwhelming -- manage your expectations and enjoy the surreal landscape.
Pearl diving heritage. Bahrain was the pearl capital of the Gulf for centuries, and the Pearling Path in Manama is a UNESCO-listed walking trail through the old pearl merchant quarter. The trail connects traditional houses, shops, and the seafront where divers once set out.
Al-Khamis Mosque. Believed to be one of the oldest mosques in the Arabian Peninsula, dating from the 7th century. The twin minarets are distinctive and the ruins are atmospheric, though small.
Formula 1 Bahrain Grand Prix. Held at the Bahrain International Circuit in Sakhir, usually in March. The night race atmosphere is electric. Even if you are not a motorsport fan, the spectacle is worth experiencing.
Manama Souq. The old market near Bab al-Bahrain is a tangle of narrow alleys selling spices, textiles, gold, and perfumes. It is touristy in parts but still has genuine character. Haggling is expected.