Mulan Weichang Imperial Hunting Ground

The Mulan Weichang — the Great Enclosure of the Mulan hunting ground — was the Qing dynasty's imperial hunting reserve in the grasslands north of Chengde. The name comes from the Manchu word for a specific hunting technique in which riders drive game in a narrowing circle, and the reserve covered roughly 10,000 square kilometres of the present Bashang region. The Kangxi and Qianlong emperors made annual expeditions here as a way of maintaining Manchu martial identity and reinforcing political relationships with Inner Asian vassals.

The landscape today is not dramatically different from how it looked in the 18th century: open grassland and birch forest with occasional volcanic hills. Remnants of the imperial infrastructure — guard posts, way stations, stone bridges — can still be found in the more remote sections. The main historical visitor point is in Weichang County, where a small museum documents the hunting tradition and the political mechanics of the grand Mongolian audiences that accompanied them.

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A story
The Kangxi Emperor held the first of his great autumn hunts at Mulan Weichang in 1681, at the age of 27, and continued the tradition for the next four decades. At the grand hunts of the early 18th century, Mongolian nobles would drive game from a wide circle inward toward a clearing where the emperor waited — the protocol required that the emperor make the first kills, after which the court could participate. The records of these hunts survive in extraordinary detail in the Qing archives, including the exact number of animals taken each day.