Pawon Temple

Small 9th-century temple midway between Mendut and Borobudur

Pawon is the smallest of the three temples in the Borobudur compound, standing midway between Mendut and the main pyramid. It is a single-storey structure with delicately carved external reliefs, set in a garden off the main road between the two larger temples. The size is modest but the quality of the stone carving is high.

Most visitors combine Pawon with a visit to Mendut rather than treating it as a destination in its own right. The alignment of all three temples — Mendut, Pawon, and Borobudur — on a near-perfect north-south axis is clearly intentional and has generated considerable archaeological debate about the ritual landscape the Sailendra dynasty created across the Kedu Plain.

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A story
Pawon's precise function in the Borobudur complex is still debated by scholars. The name is usually translated as "kitchen" or "cooking place," and one theory holds that it was a cremation temple where the remains of Sailendra royalty were prepared for burial. The exterior carvings show the *Kalpataru* (wishing tree), divine money bags, and *kinnaras* (mythical creatures), which may support the interpretation that the temple was dedicated to Kubera, the Hindu god of wealth.