Money
The Iraqi dinar (IQD) is the local currency. The exchange rate sits around 1,400–1,500 IQD to the US dollar. The dinar is a closed currency — you cannot buy it outside Iraq. Bring US dollars or euros in clean, undamaged bills (small denominations preferred). Exchange money at official bureaux de change (saraf), which are found in all cities. Hotels and banks also exchange currency.
Iraq is essentially a cash economy. Foreign credit and debit cards work at very few places. ATMs exist but are unreliable for foreign cards. Carry enough cash for your entire stay. In Kurdistan, the economy is slightly more cash-card friendly, particularly in Erbil.
Safety
The security situation varies significantly by region. Iraqi Kurdistan is stable and relatively safe for independent travelers. Baghdad has improved considerably — locals move around freely and the city feels alive again — but visitors should exercise care, avoid crowded public places where possible, and be aware of their surroundings. The areas around Mosul are recovering from the ISIS period and carry more risk. The western desert and areas near the Syrian border should be avoided.
Western governments issue strong travel advisories against non-essential travel to Federal Iraq and caution even for the Kurdistan Region. Read these advisories, understand that they are partly precautionary, and make your own informed decision. Many travelers visit Iraq safely every year, but the risks are real and should not be dismissed.
Do not photograph soldiers, checkpoints, or sensitive infrastructure. Keep a low profile. Register your travel with your country's embassy if possible.
Health
Vaccinations recommended include hepatitis A and B, typhoid, and routine immunizations. Medical facilities are adequate in Erbil and in Baghdad's private hospitals, but limited elsewhere. Bring any prescription medications you need. Bottled water is widely available and should be preferred over tap water.
SIM Cards and Connectivity
Iraqi SIM cards are available at airports and shops in major cities. The main providers are Zain, Asiacell, and Korek. A local SIM with a data package is cheap and useful. Coverage is good in cities and along main roads; patchy in rural areas.
Religion and Dress
Iraq is a predominantly Muslim country. Dress modestly outside of the Kurdistan Region. Women should have their heads covered when entering mosques and religious sites. During Ramadan, eating and drinking in public during daylight hours is inappropriate. Religious sites in Karbala and Najaf have specific dress requirements — abayas are available to borrow at the entrance to major shrines.
Language
Arabic is the official language throughout Iraq. Kurdish is co-official in the Kurdistan Region. English is widely spoken among the younger generation and in hotels, restaurants, and tourist contexts in Erbil. In Federal Iraq, English proficiency is less common outside of professional settings; a few words of Arabic go a long way.