Japan has one of the best public transport systems in the world. Trains run on time, cover almost every corner of the country, and are generally easy to navigate even if you don't read Japanese.
IC cards
Pick up a Suica or Pasmo card at any major train station — these rechargeable smart cards work on trains, subways, and buses across most of Japan, and can also pay for convenience store purchases. As of 2025, Suica cards are available again after a shortage-related pause. A Welcome Suica (no deposit required) is available for short-term visitors but expires after 28 days. Load it with cash and tap in and out — that's all there is to it.
Shinkansen
The bullet train network connects most major cities on Honshu, Kyushu, and Hokkaido at speeds up to 320 km/h. A Tokyo–Kyoto ticket costs around ¥14,000 one way. If you're doing multiple long-distance journeys, the Japan Rail Pass can be worthwhile — it must be purchased outside Japan. Note that as of recent years, oversized luggage (total dimensions over 160 cm) requires a reserved luggage space on Shinkansen and must be booked in advance.
Urban transport
Tokyo, Osaka, Nagoya, and most large cities have extensive subway and commuter rail networks. Google Maps and the Hyperdia app work well for route planning. Avoid rush hour on weekday mornings (7:30–9:30) if you can.
Buses
Long-distance overnight buses connect most cities at a fraction of the train price. JR buses are covered by the JR Pass; many others are not. Local buses in smaller towns can be harder to navigate without Japanese.
Taxis
Clean, reliable, and expensive. The rear door opens automatically — don't touch it. Tipping is not done in Japan and will cause confusion.
Luggage forwarding
If you're moving between cities, services like Yamato Transport (takkyubin) can ship your suitcase from hotel to hotel or to the airport overnight for around ¥1,500–2,000 per bag. This lets you travel light on the train and is widely used by visitors.
Driving
Japan drives on the left. Rental cars are useful in rural Hokkaido, the San-in coast, or Kyushu, where trains don't reach everything. An international driving permit is required alongside your home licence. Roads are well maintained; getting petrol and parking are expensive by European standards.