The jeepney is the main form of public transport on Negros, linking towns across the island. Fares are based on distance -- ask a local what the fare should be before you board, and try to pay the exact amount. Air-conditioned and non-aircon buses also run the major routes, including the five-to-six-hour Bacolod to Dumaguete run.
For shorter distances, motorised tricycles (pedicabs) are everywhere. You will find them parked near markets, malls, and churches, or cruising for passengers at all hours. They are cheap and quick, if a bit noisy. Metered taxis are available in Bacolod, and car rental is an option if you want more freedom to explore the coast roads and mountain routes.