Damascus is a difficult city to reach as of writing — many years of war and sanctions have left the airport largely empty and overland routes closed or hazardous. Confirm the current situation before travelling.
By air: Damascus International Airport (DAM), 25 km southeast of the city, has scheduled flights from a handful of regional capitals — Doha, Sharjah, Baghdad, Cairo and Erbil. The airport bus runs from the eastern bus station; allow an hour with traffic, or take a taxi.
Overland: Most land border crossings have been intermittently open since 2011. The crossings from Lebanon at Masnaa and from Jordan at Nasib have been the most reliable for civilian travel. The crossing from Iraq has reopened. The Turkish crossings via the north of Syria are open via the new Syrian authorities; check current security advice.
Visa requirements for Syria have been in flux since the 2024 government change. Many nationalities can now obtain a visa on arrival, but this should not be assumed without checking.