Lawrence was Otago's first gold-rush town, originally named Tuapeka, and later renamed after the British hero who defended Lucknow during the 1857 Indian Mutiny. At the height of the gold fever its population reached 11,500 — double that of Dunedin — making it one of the largest communities in the country.
Today Lawrence is a quiet town of about 500 people, serving as the gateway to Central Otago. Gabriel's Gully, where the Otago gold rush began on 23 May 1861, is a short drive south of town and still open for gold panning. The Clutha Gold Cycle Trail starts here and runs 71 km south to Roxburgh through the Clutha River gorges, making Lawrence the northern gateway for one of New Zealand's better multi-day cycling routes.