Belarus is a country that rewards careful preparation. The political climate under Lukashenko is authoritarian, and the rules around what you can photograph, say, or carry are stricter than most travellers are used to. That said, many visitors pass through without incident, particularly tourists who stick to the main sights and stay out of politics.
Currency
The currency is the Belarusian ruble (BYN). ATMs are widely available in Minsk and in most larger cities. Visa and Mastercard may have limited acceptance due to sanctions — check before travel, as the situation evolves. Carry enough cash to cover your needs, especially outside the capital.
Language
Belarusian and Russian are both official languages. In practice, Russian is dominant in Minsk and most cities. Outside the main tourist circuit, English is rarely spoken. Learning a few words of Russian is genuinely useful. Signs are often in Belarusian and Russian only.
Phones and internet
Local SIM cards are easy to buy and inexpensive. The internet works, though it is subject to government monitoring and some sites are blocked. Using a VPN is technically restricted but widely done.
Safety and law
The streets in Belarus are physically safe — crime rates are low. The risks are political. Arbitrary detention of foreigners does occur, particularly for anyone perceived to be critical of the government or photographing security infrastructure, official buildings, or military equipment. Do not photograph these subjects. Avoid any demonstrations or public gatherings. Do not discuss politics openly, especially not Lukashenko, the 2020 election, or the war in Ukraine.
Police are present in large numbers throughout the country. Carry your passport at all times. Jaywalking can result in a fine. Transit by taxi without a working meter is technically illegal.
LGBTQ+ travel
Belarus has no legal protections for LGBTQ+ people, and the social and political climate is hostile. Public displays of affection between same-sex couples carry real risk. Exercise significant caution.
Health
No vaccinations are specifically required, but standard European travel precautions apply. Medical care in Minsk is adequate; outside the capital it is more basic. Travel insurance with medical coverage is required by law for entry.
Travel advisories
Many Western governments — including the US, UK, Ireland, and Australia — currently advise against all non-essential travel to Belarus, citing the political situation, the risk of arbitrary detention, and the impact of the Russia-Ukraine war on regional stability. Review your government's current advisory before booking.