By Train
Czech Railways (České dráhy, cd.cz) run a dense network that connects all major cities and most smaller towns. The trains range from aging regional rolling stock to sleek modern intercity trains — often better than what you'd ride in Western Europe. Trains are generally affordable, punctual on mainlines, and scenic.
RegioJet (regiojet.com) operates competing intercity services on key routes with newer trains, free coffee, and competitive fares. Booking online is advisable for long-distance trains.
The busiest routes — Prague–Brno, Prague–Ostrava, Prague–Plzeň — run frequently throughout the day.
By Bus
FlixBus and RegioJet buses cover routes that trains don't, and are often quicker between certain city pairs. Student Agency (now RegioJet) pioneered comfortable coach travel in Czechia and still sets the standard. For regional destinations, local buses fill in the gaps left by rail.
By Car
Renting a car opens up Czechia enormously — especially for exploring Bohemian Switzerland, Moravian wine country, and the spa triangle of western Bohemia. Driving is on the right. Headlights must be on at all times, day and night, year-round. The alcohol limit is zero — no exceptions. Winter tires are legally required from 1 November to 31 March.
A motorway vignette is required on Czech motorways (dálnice). Buy it online at edalnice.cz or at petrol stations; it comes in 10-day, 30-day, and annual options. City centers often have paid parking or restricted zones — check signs carefully in Prague and Brno.
In Prague
Prague's public transport (metro, trams, buses) is excellent and covers the whole city. A single time-based ticket works on all modes. Buy tickets from yellow machines at metro stations, from Trafika newsagents, or via the Lítačka app. Validate your ticket before boarding.