Fortress of Arad

The Fortress of Arad is a star-shaped 18th-century fortification on the south bank of the Mureș River, built by the Habsburgs between 1763 and 1783 on the orders of Empress Maria Theresa. It is one of the best-preserved Vauban-style fortresses in Romania, with six angular bastions, a wide moat, and a complex of interior buildings covering a large area.

The fortress is now used partly by the Romanian military, which limits civilian access to certain sections, but guided tours are available and give access to the main courtyard and key buildings. The cells where the Hungarian revolutionary generals were held before their execution in 1849 can be visited. The Reconciliation Park on the grounds nearby features a dramatic sculpture commemorating the generals, erected in the post-communist era as part of a broader Romanian-Hungarian reconciliation effort.

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A story
The Arad Fortress holds a particularly grim place in Romanian history. After the failed 1848 Hungarian Revolution, thirteen Hungarian generals were imprisoned here by the Habsburgs. On 6 October 1849, thirteen of them were executed — six by hanging, seven by firing squad — in a public display of imperial retribution. The date is still marked in Hungary as a day of national mourning, and the "Arad Thirteen" remain potent symbols of the 1848 revolution.