San Marino is the fifth smallest country in the world and one of the oldest republics, founded in AD 301 by a Christian stonemason fleeing Roman persecution. Perched on the slopes of Monte Titano and entirely surrounded by Italy, this microstate packs a surprising amount into its 61 square kilometers.
The capital, also called San Marino, sits on the western slope of Monte Titano. Cars are prohibited in the medieval town center, and you will want to explore on foot anyway -- winding narrow streets lined with red-roofed stone houses, medieval ramparts, and three fortress towers that have become the country's symbol. The Three Towers (Guaita, Cesta, and Montale) crown the ridgeline and offer panoramic views stretching to the Adriatic Sea on clear days.
The historic center is compact and walkable. The Gothic Palazzo Pubblico on Piazza della Liberta is the seat of government, and you can watch the changing of the guard in summer. The Basilica di San Marino preserves the remains of the founding saint. The second tower, Cesta, houses a museum of medieval arms. For something more offbeat, San Marino has an unusual density of quirky museums, including collections devoted to vampires, torture instruments, and curiosities.
San Marino is a popular day trip from the Italian Adriatic coast, and it can feel touristy during summer weekends. Visit on a weekday or in the shoulder season for a quieter experience. You can get your passport stamped at the tourist office as a souvenir of visiting one of Europe's most unusual countries.
Destinations: Borgo Maggiore