Currency
Spain uses the euro (€). Cards are accepted almost everywhere in cities and larger towns, but keep some cash for small bars, markets, village shops, and tips. ATMs are widely available. When paying by card, always choose to be charged in euros rather than your home currency to avoid unfavourable conversion rates.
Language
Spanish (Castilian) is understood across the country. In Catalonia, Catalan is co-official and widely spoken; in the Basque Country, Basque (Euskara); in Galicia, Galician. English is spoken in tourist areas and by younger generations, but learning a few words of Spanish goes a long way, especially outside the big cities.
Tipping
Tipping is not compulsory — service is included in the bill. In restaurants, rounding up or leaving a few euros is appreciated but not expected. In bars, leaving small change is normal. Taxi drivers generally don't expect tips, though rounding up is common.
Safety
Spain is generally safe for travellers. Pickpocketing is the main concern, particularly in Barcelona's Las Ramblas and El Raval, Madrid's tourist areas around the Puerta del Sol, and on public transport in both cities. Keep bags zipped and in front of you, and don't leave belongings unattended at outdoor cafés. The emergency number throughout Spain is 112.
Health
EU/EEA citizens should carry a European Health Insurance Card (EHIC) for access to public healthcare on the same terms as Spanish residents. All others should have comprehensive travel insurance. Pharmacies (farmacias, marked with a green cross) are plentiful and pharmacists can advise on minor ailments — many speak basic English.
Hours and Siesta
The Spanish day runs late. Lunch is typically 2–4pm and dinner rarely before 9pm; restaurants that open at 7pm are catering to tourists. Many smaller shops close for a few hours in the afternoon. Banks are typically open 9am–2pm Monday to Friday.
Public Holidays
Spain has national public holidays plus regional ones. Most businesses close on national holidays; major ones include New Year's Day (1 Jan), Epiphany (6 Jan), Easter week, Labour Day (1 May), Assumption (15 Aug), National Day (12 Oct), All Saints' Day (1 Nov), Constitution Day (6 Dec), and Christmas (25 Dec).
Electricity
Spain uses 230V, 50Hz with Type C and F (Schuko) plugs. Travellers from the UK and North America need adapters.
Connectivity
Mobile coverage is good across cities and main tourist routes. EU roaming rules apply for European SIM cards. Local SIMs from Movistar, Orange, Vodafone, or budget operators like Simyo are available at airports and city phone shops. Most hotels, cafés, and restaurants offer free Wi-Fi.