Basilica de Santa María la Mayor

Gothic basilica with a spiral stone staircase carved from a single column — one of Spain's Gothic masterpieces

The Basilica de Santa María la Mayor is one of the finest Gothic churches in eastern Spain and would be famous if it were anywhere near a major tourist route. Built across the 14th and 15th centuries, it has two portals with rich sculptural decoration — the Portal of the Apostles on the south side is particularly fine. The interior is a soaring Gothic space with clustered columns and ribbed vaults typical of the Valencian Gothic tradition.

The choir gallery is reached by the famous spiral staircase, which has been attracting architectural pilgrims since the church was completed. The elaborately carved stone surfaces of the stair are exceptional even by the standards of a building full of exceptional stone-carving. The basilica also houses a small museum in its cloister with medieval altarpieces and liturgical objects.

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The spiral staircase of Santa María la Mayor ascends to the elevated choir gallery via a double helix carved from stone — similar in principle to Leonardo da Vinci's double-helix staircase at Chambord, but entirely Gothic in character and carved from a single quarried block. It was completed around 1412. Visiting architects still puzzle over how the medieval builders achieved it with the tools available.

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