A car is essential in Española. The town itself is navigable on foot in the centre, but all the nearby pueblos, wineries, and natural attractions require driving. Roads are generally good, though rural roads to some smaller pueblos may be unpaved.
North Central Regional Transit (NCRT) operates bus routes connecting Española to Santa Fe, Taos, and some of the surrounding communities. Service is infrequent and designed for commuters rather than tourists, but it is an option if you do not have a car for the Santa Fe connection.
Be aware that driving through pueblo lands requires staying on public roads — turning off to explore without permission is trespassing on sovereign nation territory.