Paraguay requires no specific vaccinations for entry, but a yellow fever vaccination is recommended for all travellers, particularly those visiting the eastern departments or border areas with Brazil and Argentina. Carry your yellow fever certificate; it may be requested on entry.
Malaria is a risk in the eastern departments of Alto Paraná, Canindeyú, and Caaguazú. If you're spending time in rural areas near the Brazilian border or in forested regions, take prophylaxis — consult a travel clinic before departure. The Chaco and Asunción present minimal malaria risk.
Dengue fever, Zika, and Chikungunya are present and carried by the Aedes aegypti mosquito. These are active during the day, unlike malaria mosquitoes. Use repellent (DEET-based is most effective), wear light long-sleeved clothing, and sleep in screened or air-conditioned rooms. Risk is highest in the rainy season (October–March).
Water: Tap water in Asunción is officially treated but many travellers and locals prefer bottled water. In rural areas, always drink bottled or filtered water.
Medical facilities in Asunción are adequate for routine issues. The Hospital de Clínicas and several private clinics handle most situations. Outside the capital, medical care is basic; serious illness or injury may require evacuation to Asunción. Take out comprehensive travel insurance that includes medical evacuation before you travel.
Pharmacies are widely available in cities and stocked with most common medications. Many drugs available only by prescription in Western countries can be bought over the counter here — useful in emergencies, but be careful with dosages and quality.