The two obvious day-trip targets are uphill (Chréa, the Chiffa Gorges, and the cedar forests) or back toward the capital. Algiers itself is only 45 minutes away by train, and its Casbah, the Bardo Museum, and the Mediterranean corniche are all easily covered in a day.
Tipasa, on the coast an hour west, has one of the most spectacular Roman archaeological sites in North Africa — basilicas, temples, and a theatre overlooking the sea, all UNESCO-listed. Combine with a fish lunch at the small port. From Blida, the easiest route is via the autoroute through Koléa.