Ghana's transport network is functional but not always comfortable. Getting between major cities is straightforward; getting off the main routes requires patience and flexibility.
Tro-tros are the backbone of Ghanaian transport. These shared minibuses run fixed routes between towns and within cities, departing only when full. They are cheap and go almost everywhere, but can be cramped, slow, and hot. In cities, tro-tros are the main form of public transit. Just tell the mate (conductor) where you are going and he will tell you the fare.
STC and intercity buses are the most comfortable option for long distances. STC (State Transport Company) and VIP/VVIP bus companies run air-conditioned coaches between Accra, Kumasi, Tamale, Cape Coast, Takoradi, and other major cities. Buy tickets in advance, especially for Friday and Sunday journeys when everyone is traveling. The Accra to Kumasi run takes about five hours.
Shared taxis operate in cities, running fixed routes like tro-tros but in regular saloon cars. "Dropping" means you hire the whole taxi for a private journey -- agree the price before you get in. In Accra, ride-hailing apps like Bolt and Uber work well and are often the most convenient option.
Domestic flights connect Accra to Kumasi and Tamale via Africa World Airlines and PassionAir. The flight to Tamale saves a grueling 12-hour bus journey and is worth considering if you are headed to Mole National Park.
Car rental is available in Accra but driving in Ghana is not for the faint-hearted. Roads between major cities are generally paved but often in poor condition, with deep potholes and erratic driving. Hiring a car with a driver is more practical and not much more expensive. Night driving is best avoided -- unlit vehicles, pedestrians, and livestock are common hazards.
Ferries cross Lake Volta from Akosombo to Yeji, a scenic but slow journey of roughly 24 hours. Smaller boat services operate on the Volta River and along some coastal stretches.