Visas. Most visitors need a visa to enter Ghana. You can apply at a Ghanaian embassy or consulate before travel, or arrange a visa on arrival -- but the visa on arrival now requires pre-approval, so do not count on sorting it out at the airport. ECOWAS nationals do not need a visa. Your passport must be valid for at least six months beyond your entry date. A yellow fever vaccination certificate is mandatory.
Currency. The Ghanaian cedi (GH₵ or GHS) is the local currency. ATMs are widely available in Accra, Kumasi, Cape Coast, and other major towns -- Ecobank and GCB are reliable networks. Visa cards work more widely than Mastercard. Outside the cities, ATMs become scarce, so carry cash. US dollars and euros can be exchanged at forex bureaux, which are everywhere and offer better rates than banks. Mobile money (MTN MoMo) is increasingly used for everyday transactions.
Language. English is the official language and is widely spoken, especially in cities and tourist areas. Twi (Akan) is the most common local language, followed by Ga, Ewe, Dagbani, and Hausa. Learning a few Twi phrases -- "akwaaba" (welcome), "medaase" (thank you) -- goes a long way.
Safety. Ghana is one of the safest countries in West Africa. Violent crime against tourists is rare, but petty theft and opportunistic mugging do happen, particularly in Accra at night. Keep valuables out of sight, avoid flashing your phone, and take taxis rather than walking after dark in unfamiliar areas. Scams targeting foreigners exist but are mostly online.
Electricity. Ghana uses 230V with British-style three-pin plugs (Type G). Power cuts are less frequent than they used to be but still occur. Carry a portable charger.
Internet and phones. MTN, Vodafone, and AirtelTigo are the main mobile networks. SIM cards are cheap and easy to buy at the airport or in town -- you will need your passport to register. 4G coverage is good in cities and along major routes. WiFi is available in most hotels and many restaurants in urban areas.
Tipping. Tipping is not mandatory but appreciated. A 10% tip at restaurants is generous by local standards. Tip tour guides, drivers, and hotel staff according to the quality of service.
What to bring. Lightweight, breathable clothing in natural fabrics. A rain jacket if visiting during the wet season. Sunscreen, insect repellent with DEET, and a hat. Modest clothing is appreciated when visiting villages and religious sites in the north.