Ghana has a population of around 34 million people, spread across more than 100 ethnic groups who generally get along remarkably well. The country's post-independence motto, "Freedom and Justice," reflects a genuine national pride that you will encounter constantly.
The Akan are the largest ethnic group, making up roughly 48% of the population. This includes the Ashanti, the Fante, the Akyem, and several other subgroups. The Ashanti, centred on Kumasi, are the most culturally prominent, with a powerful chieftaincy tradition, spectacular kente cloth, and gold jewellery that reflects centuries of wealth from the gold trade. Ashanti society is matrilineal -- inheritance and clan membership pass through the mother's line.
The Ewe in the southeast, the Ga-Adangbe around Accra, and the Mole-Dagbani in the north are the other major groups. The north is predominantly Muslim, the south predominantly Christian, and traditional religious practices run underneath both -- you will see shrines, pour libations at ceremonies, and hear people consult spiritual leaders regardless of their official faith.
English is the official language and is spoken widely, making Ghana one of the easiest countries in West Africa for English-speaking travelers. Most Ghanaians also speak at least one local language -- Twi is the most widely understood, followed by Ga, Ewe, Hausa, and Dagbani.
Ghanaians are famously hospitable. Strangers greet each other, conversations happen easily, and invitations to share a meal are common and sincere. The greeting culture is important -- always say hello before launching into a question or request. Handshakes are standard, and the snap-shake (where your middle fingers snap against each other at the end) is a satisfying local variation you will quickly pick up.
Funerals are major social events in Ghana, often larger and more elaborate than weddings. If you see a parade of people in matching red and black cloth on a Saturday, that is a funeral celebration. You may well be invited to join.