Currency & Money
The local currency is the Malagasy ariary (MGA). Madagascar is essentially a cash economy — most restaurants, guesthouses, and shops outside Antananarivo and Nosy Be do not accept cards. Bring euros in cash; euros are widely accepted for tourist-facing costs and are often quoted directly for entry fees, guides, and tours. US dollars work but are less convenient, and $100 bills are sometimes refused.
ATMs exist in Antananarivo, Nosy Be, and a handful of other larger towns, accepting Visa and some Mastercard. Do not count on ATMs outside the major centers. Withdraw enough cash before heading into the countryside.
Health
Malaria is present throughout Madagascar except at altitudes above 2,000 meters. Take antimalarial medication and use mosquito repellent and nets. Tap water is not safe to drink — bottled water is inexpensive and widely available. Rabies is a genuine risk from animal bites; the post-exposure treatment infrastructure is limited, so consider pre-travel vaccination. Yellow fever vaccination is required if you are arriving from a country with yellow fever risk.
Antananarivo has the country's best hospitals. For serious medical emergencies, evacuation to Réunion or South Africa is often the safest option; travel insurance with medical evacuation coverage is strongly advised.
Safety
Petty theft is common in Antananarivo — be aware of your belongings in markets and busy streets, and avoid displaying expensive phones or cameras unnecessarily. Armed robbery does occur, particularly after dark in major cities and on remote roads in the south and west. Stick to well-lit areas at night and use taxis recommended by your accommodation.
Language
Malagasy is the national language and is spoken everywhere. French is widely used in cities, education, and business. English is increasingly understood in the tourist industry, especially in Tana and Nosy Be, but learning a few Malagasy words — salama (hello), misaotra (thank you), azafady (please/excuse me) — will get you a warm reception.
Communications
Mobile phone coverage is decent in cities and along main roads, patchy in remote areas. Local SIM cards (Telma, Airtel) are cheap and available at the airport and phone shops. Mobile internet is usable in towns. Power cuts are common; a portable charger is useful.
Electricity
220V, 50Hz. Outlets are typically the European two-pin round type. Power is unreliable outside major centers.