Zhaoling Mausoleum

The Zhaoling Mausoleum, near Liquan County in western Weinan prefecture, is the burial complex of Emperor Taizong (r. 626–649), the Tang emperor widely considered the greatest ruler of the dynasty. Taizong chose Mount Jiuzong — a peak rising from the plain north of the Wei River — as his burial site, and his complex eventually expanded to include 167 subsidiary tombs of his generals, wives, and officials, spread across the slopes below the summit. It is the largest imperial mausoleum complex in the world by area.

The main draw is the Zhaoling Museum, which preserves four of the original Zhaoling Six Steeds — large bas-relief panels depicting the horses Emperor Taizong rode into battle. The panels are executed with a naturalistic urgency unusual in Tang official art: each horse is shown with wounds or in a specific posture, and some still carry the original legend inscribed by the emperor naming the horse and the campaign. The museum also holds objects from excavated subsidiary tombs, including painted murals, gold and silver ware, and stone epitaph tablets.

The tomb is about sixty kilometres northwest of Weinan city and most easily visited as part of a day trip combining several of the Guanzhong imperial tombs. Buses run from Liquan County, and private taxis are available in Xi'an and Xianyang for a circuit of several tombs.

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A story
Two of the original six bas-relief horse panels from Zhaoling — depicting the warhorses Saluzi and Quanmaogua — were removed in 1914 by a Chinese antiques dealer acting on behalf of American collectors, and are now in the Penn Museum in Philadelphia. The four that remain in the Zhaoling Museum show the horses named Shifachi, Baitiwu, Teqinbiao, and Qingzhui, each with an inscription identifying which of Taizong's campaigns the horse served in.