By air: Bacha Khan International Airport (PEW) is 3 km east of the city centre. Pakistan International Airlines (PIA) operates several daily flights from Karachi, Lahore, and Islamabad. The airport has direct connections to a number of Gulf cities. A taxi from the airport to the old city takes 15–20 minutes.
By road from Islamabad/Rawalpindi: Peshawar is approximately 175 km northwest of Islamabad on the M-1 motorway — roughly 2–2.5 hours by car. The motorway is good quality. Buses and minibuses run frequently from Rawalpindi's Pir Wadhai bus terminal; the journey takes around 3 hours on the older Grand Trunk Road route.
By rail: Peshawar Cantonment railway station is the western terminus of the main Pakistan Railways line from Karachi via Lahore. The overnight sleeper from Lahore (the Khyber Mail) is a classic if slow journey. The train is not the fastest option but is comfortable in air-conditioned class.
Security note: Foreigners entering Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province may be required to register with local police. The situation changes; check with your embassy and verify current requirements before travel.